Research

Comparing how cities structure their transit payments, the paper asks whether open protocols such as the Interledger Protocol could unlock both economic and physical mobility, especially for unbanked and underbanked riders. Written under an Interledger Foundation grant; presented at the 2025 Interledger Summit, Mexico City.

An essay on slime mold, artificial intelligence and non-human spatial intelligence. Adjacent, Issue 12, NYU ITP.

Microscope footage of Physarum polycephalum, sped up to reveal patterns invisible at normal speed. Ranger, Issue 11.

Designing reliable feedback around organic, living components: how a drifting conductor changes what a dependable interface means.

An open-source archive of biodegradable, non-toxic and reusable fine art materials, including copper and magnetic paints.